What to expect during a mammogram

A trip to the doctor is a big enough hassle without having to deal with fear of the unknown. Having a procedure for the first time can fill a patient with dread.

For the uninitiated, here's a short lesson on getting a mammogram.

Purpose: Examines breast tissue to determine if it is normal or if there is a need for additional tests or treatment.

How it works: Traditional film mammography uses low-dose X-rays to create an image on film; digital mammography, which is relatively new and not as available, uses less radiation and results in digital images that can be manipulated to focus on specific areas.

What's involved: The patient sits or stands in front of the mammogram machine. The breast is placed between two plates, which are slowly compressed to flatten the tissue. The patient holds her breath and remains still as images are taken from several angles.

What to wear: A two-piece outfit makes it easier to undress to the waist; patients are given a paper or cloth garment for privacy.

Restrictions: Don't use deodorant, talcum powder, ointment or perfume beforehand. The residue can affect the quality of the images. All jewelry from the neck and chest areas should be removed.

Time frame: Usually less than 30 minutes.

Pain level: Low; can be uncomfortable.

Recovery: A person can usually resume normal activities immediately, although there may be slight discoloration or residual soreness in the breast area.

Sources: nlm.nih.gov, my.clevelandclinic.org, medicinenet.com, emoryhealthcare.org, symptomchecker.about.com, merck.com, webmd.com.